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Earthquake-the
shaking and trembling that results the movement of rock beneath the
Earth’s surface
Stress-a force that acts upon rock changing the shape
or volume
Deformation-the change in the volume of Earths
crust
Shearing-stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite
directions
Tension-the stretching of rock so it becomes thinner
In the middle
Compression-the squeezing of rock until it folds or
breaks
Fault-a break in Earths crust, where peices of rock
slip past each other
Strike-slip fault-where rocks on either side of the
fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion
Normal Fault-where the fault is at an angle, so one
block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below
the fault
Hanging Wall-the half of the fault that lies over the
fault
Footwall-the half of the fault that lies below the
fault
Reverse fault-the same structure as a normal fault,
but blocks move in opposite directions
Fault block mountain-when normal faults uplift a block
of rock
Folds-bends in rock that form when compression
shortens and thickens part of Earth’s crust
Anticline-a fold in rock that bends upward into an
ach
Syncline-a fold in rock that bends downward in the
middle to form a bowl shape
Plateau-a area of large flat land, elevated high above
sea level
Focus-the point below Earth’s surface where rock s
under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake
Epicenter-the point on the surface directly above an
earthquake's focus
Seismic waves-vibrations that travel and move as waves
through Earth carrying the energy release during an earthquake
P waves-earthquake waves that compress and expand the
ground
S waves-earthquake waves that vibrate from side to
side as well as up and down. They shake the ground back and
forth
Surface waves-move more slowly than P and S wave, but
produce the most severe ground movements
Seismograph- An instrument that measures and records
the movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the
Earth
Magnitude- earthquake strength based on seismic waves
and a movement along faults
Mercalli scale-expresses the rate of earthquakes
according to their intensity
Richter scale -the size rating of seismic waves as
measured by a particular type of mechanics seismograph
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More about Earthquakes |
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More about Faults |
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Resources
Dwyer
Library
Prentice Hall Earth Science California Edition
Textbook
http://www.school-for-
champions.com/science/definitions.cfm |
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| | | | This article was sponsored by Atlantic Inc.
Atlantic Inc.
Santa Fe Springs, California | | | | | |
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